Schramm’s interactive models describe communication as encoding, decoding, interpretation, and feedback shaped by participants’ experience. They help explain why delivered messages can be misunderstood and how responses support adjustment, while leaving power, unequal participation, and the quality of feedback to be examined in context.
- FamilyModel
- CategoryTheories & Explanatory Models
- DomainMeaning & Clarity
What these mean
Editorial orientation · Family
Model
In this series, Model names the editorial family primarily used to understand and explain communication: theories, frameworks, effects, traditions, principles and other conceptual resources. It is an umbrella for a route into the field, not a claim that every included object is a predictive model.
Editorial orientation · Category
Theories & Explanatory Models
Explains how or why a communication process works by relating mechanisms, conditions or variables. Its value is an account that can guide inquiry into what produces an outcome, rather than a name for the outcome alone.